Welding 

Nenets Autonomous Region is the administrative center. Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the regions of the Far North. The climate is subarctic everywhere, turning into arctic in the far north: the average January temperature is from -3 ° C in the far north to -22 ° C in the southeast, the average July temperature is from +6 ° C in the north to +16 ° C in the south; rainfall - about 350 mm per year; permafrost. The Nenets Okrug is subject to the systematic invasion of the Atlantic and Arctic air masses. The frequent change of air masses is the reason for the constant variability of the weather. In winter and autumn, winds with a southern component prevail, and in summer - northern and northeastern ones, due to the intrusion of cold Arctic air onto a heated continent, where atmospheric pressure is lowered at this time. The air temperature in summer is determined by the amount of solar radiation and therefore naturally rises from north to south. The average July temperature in Naryan-Mar is +12°C. In the cold half of the year, the main factor in the temperature regime is the transfer of heat from the Atlantic, so the temperature drops from west to east. The average January temperature in Naryan-Mar is -18°C, winter lasts an average of 220-240 days. The entire territory of the district is located in the zone of excessive moisture. The annual amount of precipitation ranges from 400 mm (on the coasts of the seas and on the Arctic islands) to 700 mm. The minimum precipitation is observed in February, the maximum - in August - September. At least 30% of precipitation falls as snow, permafrost is present.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug formed July 15, 1929 Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the basis of the will of the Nenets people.

The area of ​​the district is 176.7 thousand sq. km. Within the current borders, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic and the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region, from the north the border runs along the coast of the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including adjacent islands that are not assigned to the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk Region. The administrative center of the district is the city of Naryan-Mar.

Economy of the region

Gross regional product production

The economy of the region is of a single-industry nature, and the main increase in the gross regional product is provided by oil production.

In 2013-2014, compared to 2012, a slight increase in the physical volume of the gross regional product of 4.5% is predicted, which is due to the stabilization of oil prices, the growth of the dollar, as well as a slight increase in oil production in the district associated with the predicted commissioning of the fields named after . R. Trebs and them. A. Titov and reaching the industrial level of production at the field of the Central Khoreyver uplift (blocks No. 1, 2, 3, 4).

industrial production

According to the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as the territorial body of statistics), in 2012 the industrial production index is an aggregate index of production by types of economic activity "mining", "manufacturing", "production and distribution of electricity, gas and water” amounted to 89.4% of the 2011 level. The decline in the production index is due to the decline in oil production. Since 2013, there has been a slight increase in this indicator by 10.1%, due to the start of the implementation of investment projects related to oil production.

Mining:

In 2012, oil production amounted to 13.5 thousand tons, in 2013 there is a slight decrease by 1.5% compared to the previous year, which is associated with a drop in production from one of the largest companies operating in the region. In 2014-2016, the volume of oil production in the region will increase to 15% due to the commissioning of new fields, namely, as part of the trial operation, it is planned to start oil production at the Yuzhno-Toraveyskoye oil field (OOO NGK Razvitie Regionov). Also, within the framework of trial operation in 2014, it is planned to start production at new fields of Rusvietpetro IC LLC - Severo-Sikhoreysky, Syurkharatinsky, Urernyrdsky.

In 2015, it is planned to start oil production at the field named after. A. Titova.

The natural resource potential of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a reliable basis for the sustainable long-term large-scale development of the Okrug's productive forces and is distinguished by significant hydrocarbon reserves (oil, natural gas, gas condensate).

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the State Balance of Reserves includes 89 hydrocarbon deposits: 77 oil fields, 6 oil and gas condensate fields, 1 gas oil field, and 4 gas condensate fields.

As of October 1, 2013, 101 licenses are in force for the right to use subsoil for the purpose of geological study, exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including 21 licenses for the purpose of geological study (NP).

In total, as of October 01, 2013, 27 subsoil users are license holders in the Okrug, of which 3 subsoil users are licensed only for the right to geological study of subsoil.

The main oil producing enterprises operating in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are: OJSC Rosneft, LLC LUKOIL-Komi, LLC Polar Lights Company, JSC Total Exploration Development Russia, LLC Naryanmarneftegaz.

Manufacturing industry:

Four enterprises are engaged in industrial processing of agricultural products in the district. Reindeer meat and cattle meat are processed by Myasoprodukty OJSC, milk - by Vita OJSC, Nenets Agro-Industrial Company OJSC, fish - by Argus LLC.

The main goal of Myasoprodukty OJSC is to ensure the primary processing of raw materials produced by agricultural producers of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the production of sausages and semi-finished meat products to provide them to the population of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The company employs over 180 people.

The financial and economic condition of the enterprise is characterized as stable.

The company is actively working to expand the range and improve the quality of products, the volume of sales, which increases from year to year. Despite the fact that commercial organizations and entrepreneurs import meat products from other manufacturers into the Okrug, Myasoprodukty OJSC does not experience significant difficulties in selling its products due to its high quality and biological value. Numerous awards received by the enterprise at interregional and all-Russian competitions testify to the recognition of the products of JSC "Myasoprodukty".

The existing capacities of Myasoprodukty JSC can process venison meat within the limits of 700 tons in slaughter weight. Based on the county number of deer growing from year to year, and the forecast for the development of reindeer breeding until 2020, it is planned to further expand, re-equip and modernize the enterprise.

The processing of dairy products is carried out both by agricultural producers independently, and by JSC Nenets Agro-Industrial Company, JSC Vita. The range of manufactured products is more than 20 items.

The processing and sale of fish in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is handled by Argus LLC. The assortment of LLC "Argus" is 39 types.

In order to develop and achieve positive results in the fishing industry, the authorities have taken measures to include in the list of priority projects of the Northwestern Federal District the investment project “Construction of a fish hatchery for the reproduction and replenishment of whitefish stocks in the Nenets Autonomous District. The implementation of this project will make it possible to build a new modern fish processing complex, provide the Okrug with high-quality and wide range of fish products, and create about 100 new jobs. As a result of the construction of fish receiving points and a plant for the production of fishmeal, the number of fish caught will increase, and up to 160 people will be employed in fishing in rural areas.

Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water:

The main enterprises generating electricity for the needs of the region are: State Unitary Enterprise NAO "Naryan-Mar Power Plant", the municipal enterprise of the Zapolyarny district "Severzhilkomservis", power plants of agricultural producers; thermal energy generating enterprises are: Naryan-Mar Municipal Unitary Enterprise of United Boilers and Heat Networks, Research Municipal Unitary Enterprise Poszhilkomservis, Zapolyarny District Enterprise Severzhilkomservis.

Oil producing enterprises generate electricity and heat for their own needs.

In 2012, the population consumed 40.4 million kW of electricity. h, which is lower than in 2011 by 1.0%, other consumers 68.6 million kWh, which is 0.6% higher than in 2011. In 2013-2014, there is an increase in consumption by an average of 3.0%.

Construction

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a long-term target program of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug "Housing" for 2011-2022 is being implemented, within which the following indicators will be achieved:

Resettlement of 1.5 thousand families was provided and 116.1 thousand square meters were demolished. meters of housing unsuitable for habitation, including at the first stage: 752 families (2022 people) were resettled and 69.5 thousand square meters were demolished. meters, at the second stage: 762 families (2051 people) were resettled and 46.6 thousand square meters were demolished. meters;

The total area of ​​residential premises built (acquired) within the framework of the subprogram "Resettlement of citizens of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug from housing stock recognized as unsuitable for habitation and / or with a high level of wear and tear" is 83.0 thousand square meters;

The number of families that improved their living conditions within the framework of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social rental contracts and specialized residential premises rental agreements" is 3.57 thousand families;

The increase in the total area of ​​residential premises is 185 thousand square meters or 118.7% of the total area of ​​​​housing at the beginning of the implementation of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social tenancy agreements and lease agreements for specialized residential premises";

The level of provision with a total area of ​​housing per 1 person is 27 square meters, or 118% of the indicator at the beginning of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social rental contracts and specialized residential premises rental agreements."

International trade

Export of goods in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 2.0% and amounted to 4.8 billion US dollars, by 2016 it will increase to 5.4 billion US dollars. At the same time, almost all exports are carried out to non-CIS countries. The growth of exports is directly related to the expansion of oil production in the district. The bulk of exports from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is crude oil, the rest is fish. The vast majority of imports are machinery and equipment purchased by oil companies for field development.

Consumer market

Retail trade turnover in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 4.3% and amounts to 6,727.7 million rubles, in 2014-2016 this indicator will increase annually in comparable prices by 4-5 percent. This is due to the growth of incomes of the population, and with the increase in the range and quality of goods offered by trading organizations. The volume of public catering turnover in 2013-2016 is expected to be at the level of 2012.

In the structure of paid services to the population, communal services and passenger transport services prevail, however, in the forecast period, the share of housing and communal services is increasing. The volume of paid services of institutions of culture and physical culture and sports has significantly increased, which is associated with the commissioning of new facilities, in particular, a new ice palace has been built, a new cultural and leisure center is being used at full capacity.

ODS in the region

Officially, the regulatory impact assessment in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug started on January 1, 2014. At the end of 2013, RIA of two draft regulatory legal acts was carried out in order to identify difficulties related to the implementation of the RIA procedure. All documents are posted on the official portal of the authorized body at http://dfei.adm-nao.ru/orv.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 176-FZ of July 2, 2013 “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation” and Articles 7 and 46 of the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organization local self-government in the Russian Federation" on the assessment of the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts and examination of regulatory legal acts" by the law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated 07.10.2013 No. 98-oz "On Amendments to the Law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug "On Regulatory Legal Acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug » article 23.1 was introduced, establishing from January 1, 2014 the procedure and procedures for interaction between the executive authorities of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the preparation of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug as part of the assessment of the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug nomnogo okrug (hereinafter referred to as RIA) and examination of normative legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as NLA examination).

Decree of the Administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated October 30, 2013 No. 382-p "On the implementation of procedures for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the examination of legal acts of the existing regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug" The Economic Development Department of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug was determined by the executive authority of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug district authorized to implement the RIA procedure (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body) and approved the Regulationon the procedure for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the examination of existing regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

RIA is carried out in order to identify provisions that introduce excessive obligations, prohibitions and restrictions for business and investment entities or facilitate their introduction, as well as provisions that contribute to the emergence of unreasonable expenses of business and investment entities and the district budget of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

RIA is a set of procedures that allows the developer of regulatory decisions in the process of preparing draft regulatory legal acts to consider the widest possible range of possible regulatory measures, assess the costs and benefits of both the addressees of regulation (entrepreneurs, investors, citizens) and budgets at all levels, eliminate administrative barriers, propose the most effective solution, as well as evaluate its possible consequences.

As part of the implementation of the RIA procedure, the authorized body carries out:

control over the implementation of the procedure for conducting the RIA procedure by the bodies - developers of the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

legal, information and methodological support of the RIA procedure;

quality control of the execution of procedures and preparation of opinions on RIA by the bodies that develop the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including quality control of public consultations;

assessing the actual impact of existing government regulation;

involvement of the business community in the discussion of draft regulatory legal acts as part of the RIA;

conclusion of Agreements on interaction during the RIA between the authorized body and regional associations of entrepreneurs;

preparation of periodic information on the development and results of the RIA procedure in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

posting on the official website of the Department of Economic Development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the page "Regulatory Impact Assessment" information on the RIA.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug- a subject of the Federation in the north-east of the European part of Russia. The district is located on the northeastern outskirts of the East European Plain. The relief of the territory is mostly flat; the Timan Ridge and the Pai-Khoi Ridge stand out, between which the swampy Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundras are located.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug, being an independent subject of the federation within the Northwestern Federal District, is part of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Naryan-Mar.

The territory of the region is 176,810 km2, the population (as of January 1, 2017) is 43,937 people.

Surface water resources

The territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean, most of it belongs to the basin of the Barents and Pechora Seas, the extreme western part - to the basin of the White Sea, the extreme east - to the basin of the Kara Sea.

The river network of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is represented by 1854 rivers with a total length of 47,144 km (the density of the river network is 0.27 km / km 2), most of which belong to small rivers and streams. The rivers of the Autonomous Okrug are predominantly of ranvin character. They are characterized by a mixed diet with a predominance of snow (up to 75%). The rivers of the region belong to the Eastern European type of water regime, they are characterized by spring floods with a sharp rise in water level, summer-autumn low water, occasionally interrupted by rain floods, and low winter low water. The duration of freeze-up on the rivers of the Autonomous Okrug is 7-8 months, many rivers freeze in winter. The lower parts of the Pechora, Kara and Korotaikha basins, as well as a number of medium and small rivers flowing into the Barents and Kara Seas, are located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also, the largest rivers, partially or completely flowing through the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, are the tributaries of the Pechora of the first and second order - Sula, as well as Adzva and Kolva (tributaries of the river Usa). Among the regions of the federal district, the Nenets Autonomous District occupies the last place in terms of the density of the river network.

The area and number of lakes and artificial reservoirs, swamps and wetlands are not constant, they depend on natural (water regime, climatic phenomena, swamping, etc.) and anthropogenic (drainage of territories, etc.) factors.

Groundwater resources

Functions for the provision of public services and the management of federal property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department of Water Resources of the Dvinsko-Pechora BVU for the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Powers in the field of water relations transferred to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, functions for the provision of public services and the management of regional property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department of Natural Resources, Ecology and Agro-Industrial Complex of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, the State Program "Environmental Protection, Reproduction and Use of Natural Resources" is being implemented, aimed at the protection and rational use of water bodies, ensuring the protection of the population and economic facilities from the negative impact of water and solving other problems.

In preparing the material, data from the State reports "On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2015", “On the state of the environment in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2015”, collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016". The ratings of regions for surface and underground water resources do not take into account the indicators of cities of federal significance - Moscow,

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a unique inimitable subject of the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the region is almost completely located beyond the Arctic Circle. The last snow here melts at the end of July, and winter lasts 220–240 days on average.

The Nenets Okrug is a mysterious northern expanse with a unique landscape and a set of natural, historical and cultural values, unusual and indescribable for a person who has never been to the north. For example, northern lights or a winter rainbow, snowstorms when visibility ends at arm's length, vast expanses of snow-covered tundra, when it seems that you can go to the edge of the world and look there.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed on July 15, 1929 by the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the basis of the will of the Nenets people.

The territory of the district is 176.7 thousand square meters. km. Within the current borders, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (yes, these are two different subjects of the Russian Federation), the Komi Republic and the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region, from the north the border runs along the coast of the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including the adjacent islands.

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug there are more than 30 cultural heritage sites - monuments of architecture and history, which are under state protection.

Naryan-Mar is the administrative center and the only city in the district. Also in the district there are 1 urban-type settlement and 42 rural settlements.

An interesting feature of the city is that the houses are given names. Locals can easily show you where the Titanic, Little Red Riding Hood, Sandwich, Gingerbread House, Bruise, Sandwich or the Royal stables are located. By calling a taxi, you can ask the dispatcher to drive up to the sandwich, and you will be understood.

For 12 years, the city has completely changed its appearance, from 2-storey barrack-type houses to modern high-rise buildings.

Naryan-Mar and other settlements of the district are not connected with the "mainland" by cars or railways. You can get to the district only by plane or by winter road. The expression "Island on the mainland" characterizes the transport situation in the district.

Nenets (author of the photo - Matvey Chuprov)

The indigenous people of the district are the Nenets. 7 thousand people out of 43 thousand of the total population of the district.

The Nenets people lead a nomadic lifestyle, moving across the territory of the entire district. The rhythm and duration of camping is determined by the state of reindeer pastures, their ability to feed the animals. As soon as this ability is lost, there is a need to change pastures.

The number of deer in the district is 168 thousand heads, which is more than the number of people. Reindeer for the Nenets is the center of life. Food, clothing, housing, transportation all provide this amazing animal.

Camp (author of the photo - Matvey Chuprov)

All Nenets have been living in tents since ancient times. For them, this is the center of the whole life of the family, which is perceived as a whole world with its own laws and rules.

Pustozersk (photo by Maria Samylova)

Of great interest is the archaeological heritage of the district. A special place is occupied by the monument of federal significance Pustozerskoye settlement. Pustozersk is the first city beyond the Arctic Circle. From the moment the "city and fortress" appeared, Pustozersk has become the center of the entire lower and middle Pechora: from the Timan tundra to the northern Urals, from the coast of the Barents Sea and Vaigach to the Vym and Usa rivers. It was the largest settlement in the Far North, the administrative, commercial, cultural and religious center of the Pechora Territory, a military stronghold. The first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle.

It was here that Archpriest Avakum wrote the unique Life of Archpriest Avvakum, Written by Himself.

White Nights

One of the reasons for coming to the Nenets tundra is the phenomenon known as "white nights". In summer, the sun does not set below the horizon 24 hours a day. This period lasts from May 29 to July 15. Have you ever seen the moon and the sun in the sky at the same time? Such miracles are possible in the Nenets Okrug!

Northern Lights (photo by Daniil Ispolinov)

Long northern "polar nights" allow you to see another natural phenomenon - the "Northern Lights". Around Naryan-Mar there are quite a few convenient places to watch the impressive play of sunlight.

Our region is fraught with many other wonders and mysteries. You can travel along it both in winter and summer - and there is always a feeling or illusion that you managed to embrace the immensity.

Most of the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located beyond the Arctic Circle. It includes the islands of Kolguev and Vaigach.

Story

The first scientist to study these lands in 1837 was the Russian botanist Alexander Shrenk. He passed the Pechora, reached the Yugorsky Shar, reached the island, crossed the Pai-Khoi, and from there returned to St. Petersburg through Pustozersk. How difficult it was to do this can be seen from the fact that even a hundred years later, in 1930, the detachment of the geologist Nikolai Iordansky only spent more than two months on the road from Moscow to the mouth of the Vorkuta River, which flows into the Usa.

Pomeranian industrialists often became the organizers of expeditions: for example, Mikhail Sidorov in the middle of the 19th century, who sent his own expedition to Pechora, who discovered that “the coast of the Pechora River is replete with layers of coal lying on the ground in lumps.”

The researchers of the region were not only selfless people, but often disinterested. In 1913, an expedition to the Verkhneusinsk Territory, which included local political exiles, refused to pay their labor for the sake of science. Local guides and workers in Russian expeditions at the beginning of the 20th century. they also did not take payment for work in money, preferring ... salt: there are fish places here, but there is no salt. And today, salt is delivered to Naryan-Mar along the Northern Sea Route.

The area goes to the three seas of the Arctic Ocean. Dunes and coastal ridges stretch along the sea coast, there are ersei: the local name for the hollows of blowing.

Over 3/4 of the territory is occupied by swampy tundra: Bolshezemelskaya, Pechorye and Malozemelskaya (Timanskaya). It grows mainly dwarf birch and moss, in the river valleys - dense thickets of willow, on peat mounds - dwarf birches, a lot of cloudberries and blueberries, mushrooms. But for all that - the dominance of midges, from which both people and animals suffer. The first explorers of the local tundra complained: “You can’t bring a spoon to your mouth, how the soup moves from mosquitoes in it.”

There is an abundance of fish in rivers and lakes, including grayling. There are many birds: tundra and white partridge, various kinds of geese and ducks, swan, snowy owl. Mammals are dominated by reindeer, arctic fox and lemming.

In the extreme northeast there is the Pai-Khoi ridge with mountains over 400 m. The southern regions are occupied by forest-tundra, which is characterized by spruce and larch 3-4 m high with a crown twisted by the north wind. In the far south-west is the taiga, where elk, brown bear, and lynx live. Of the birds, the boreal owl, the three-toed woodpecker, and the hawk owl are characteristic.

There are many small rivers and small thermokarst and glacial lakes in the region.

The main river and main waterway in the tundra, the river is navigable during the summer season. On it to the city of Naryan-Mar - the administrative center of the district - ships rise from the Barents Sea. To protect the rare Arctic flora and fauna in the Pechora Delta, the Nenetsky Nature Reserve has been created.

The Nenets National Okrug itself was formed in 1929.

The development of the region accelerated significantly in the 1970s-1980s, when large deposits of oil and natural gas were discovered, including on the sea shelf.

The population of the district lives mainly near Pechora.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a very rich region, but difficult to access. Everywhere - the tundra, through which cars will pass only in winter, but it was possible to lay a pipeline through it. In the north - the seas of the Arctic Ocean, through which only everything necessary for the life and work of the city can be delivered to Naryan-Mar.

“Naryan-Mar, my Naryan-Mar, the town is not big and not small, near Pechora by the river ...” is sung in a famous song. However, for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug it is almost a metropolis, its significance in the life of the Okrug is enormous.

The settlement of the lands of the current Nenets Autonomous Okrug began no later than 9 thousand years BC. e.: this period includes archaeological finds in the area of ​​the Pymvashor River and the village of Kharuta.

The Nenets belong to the tundra group of this people with migrations to the forest-tundra only in winter and speak the tundra dialect of the Nenets language. The name of the Nenets is a modified self-name "nenets" (person).

The Nenets are one of the Samoyedic peoples: hence the previously common name "Samoyeds". At the beginning of the first millennium, the Samoyeds occupied the forest-steppe regions from the eastern spurs of the Urals to the Sayan Highlands. In II-IV centuries. under the onslaught of nomads - the Huns and Turks - they were forced out into the tundra. The Pechora tribes already lived here, long before the Samoyeds mastered the European North and laid the foundations of the tundra paleoculture. The Samoyeds displaced them or partially assimilated with them.

The process of assimilation was long. Until our time, legends have been preserved about the "siirta" (small tundra natives living underground), in which they appear as real people, with whom the ancestors of the Nenets fought and started families. Traditions describe them as living in the tundra before the arrival of the Nenets. Most likely, this was the disappeared Pechora tribe, although ufologist enthusiasts consider them as descendants of aliens.

These legends occupy an important place in Nenets mythology. In their view, the earth is motionless, but the sky moves. The universe is divided into three worlds - Upper, Middle and Lower. In the Upper, in the sky, the supreme god Num lives. The middle one is the earth, it is alive, every hill, river and lake has a master - a spirit. The lower one is under the seven layers of permafrost, it is dominated by Na - the spirit of illness and death, the souls of the dead move into it.

At the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. Russian coast-dwellers learned about the Nenets, mastering the European North on kochs - wooden single-masted boats with a straight sail and several pairs of oars.

Then the Novgorod Republic in the period of its highest prosperity included these lands, its extreme eastern borders passed along the Northern Urals.

In 1478, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III subjugated and included the republic in the Muscovite state. In order to consolidate positions on the extreme northern borders, Ivan III in 1499 ordered the founding of Pustozersk, which became the first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle (27 km southwest of modern Naryan-Mar). Until 1780, Pustozersk was the administrative, commercial, cultural and religious center of the Pechora region. And also a place of reference. The most famous exile was Archpriest Avvakum, the most prominent leader of the Old Believers. From here, for 14 years, he sent letters to his supporters, cursing the kings and the patriarch, for which he was burned in the hut. In 1620, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich closed the sea route to Siberia for foreign merchants, in the 17th-18th centuries. the devastating raids of the "Kharyuchi" - the Trans-Ural Nenets - became more frequent, the Gorodetsky Shar channel became shallow, which made it difficult to approach the city by water. Since the 18th century Pustozersk gradually lost its importance, in 1924 it lost its city status and was finally abandoned in 1962. In Naryan-Mar and Telvisk, streets were named after Pustozersk.

Naryan-Mar stands in the lower reaches of the Pechora, about 100 km from the Barents Sea. This is the capital and the only city of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, almost 70% of the population lives in it. Naryan-Mar is one of the few cities in the world beyond the Arctic Circle. Winter lasts 240 days a year, the last snow melts at the end of July. For two months a year, in December and January, it plunges into a long polar night. In winter, frosts are up to -45 ° C, in December, the polar lights shimmer over the city with all colors. Translated from the Nenets language, Naryan-Mar means “red city”. The post office building built in 1950 and crowned with a turret in the form of a Nenets plague became the symbol of the polar city.

Naryan-Mar today is an important transport hub of the region, an airport, a trading port on the Northern Sea Route.

general information

Location : north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation, coast of the Arctic Ocean.
Administrative affiliation : Northwestern Federal District.

Administrative division : the city of district subordination of Naryan-Mar, the Zapolyarny district and the urban-type settlement of Iskateley.
Administrative center : Naryan-Mar - 24,535 people (2016).

Educated: 1929
Languages: Russian, Nenets.
Ethnic composition : Russians - 63.31%, Nenets - 17.83%, Komi - 8.61%, Ukrainians - 2.34% (2010).
Religions: orthodoxy, shamanism.
Currency unit : Russian ruble.
Rivers: Pechora, Vizhas, Oma, Sheaf, Pyosha, Wolonga, Indiga, Black, Sea-Yu.
lakes: Vashutkins, Golodnaya Guba, Gorodetskoe, Varsh, Nes.
The airport: federal significance Naryan-Mar.
Neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation and water areas : in the north - the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including the adjacent islands that are not assigned to the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk region; in the east - the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the south - the Republic of Komi, in the west - the Arkhangelsk region.

Numbers

Square: 176 810 km2.
Length: from north to south - about 315 km and from west to east - more than 900 km.
Population: 43 838 people (2016).
Population density : 0.25 people / km 2.
Urban population : 72.4% (2016).
The length of the sea coastline : about 3000 km.
highest point : 423 m, Mount Moreiz (Wesey-Pe, Pai-Khoi ridge).

Remoteness (Naryan-Mar) : 660 km east of Arkhangelsk, 1501 km northeast of Moscow.

Climate and weather

Subarctic, in the extreme northeast - arctic.
Cool summers, long cold winters.
January average temperature : -12°C in the south, -22°C in the northeast.
July average temperature : +13°С in the south, +6°С in the northeast.
Average annual rainfall : from north to south 370-500 mm.
Average annual relative humidity : from south to north 75-85%.

Economy

GRP: 183.7 billion rubles (2014), per capita - 4,252,400 rubles. (2016).
Minerals : oil, natural gas, coal, fluorite, iron, manganese, titanium, diamonds, peat, building materials, mineral springs.
Industry: oil refining, timber (lumber), food (fish processing, butter, meat processing plant).

Seaport of Naryan-Mar.
Agriculture : animal husbandry (reindeer breeding, fur cage fur farming), plant growing (potatoes, vegetables, turnips).
Sea fishing and sea fur hunting.
Traditional crafts : tailoring of cloaks, production of souvenirs.
Services sector: tourist, transport (including shipping on the Pechora), trade.

Attractions

Natural

    Kolguev and Vaygach Islands

    Kara meteorite crater

    Lake Golodnaya Guba

The most sparsely populated region of the country, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is located in the northwest of its Eastern European part. You can get an idea about the district, consider its borders, cities and other objects using a satellite map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The lands between the Pechora and the Ugra are mentioned in chronicles belonging to the 9th-10th centuries. The indigenous population (Nenets) moved here from the banks of the Ob, but after some time passed into the control of the Novgorod princes, who constantly collected tribute from the northern regions.

If you look at the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with diagrams, it becomes clear that most of the land is located in the Arctic. The county shares borders with:

  • Arkhangelsk region;
  • Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
  • Republic of Komi.

The district owns several islands and peninsulas. The most northern territories of the Okrug are limited by the waters of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. All objects are displayed on the maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with regions. You can easily find cities, and by zooming in, you can view the streets in detail, the location of buildings, find train stations, shops, and administrative offices. The map is an indispensable assistant in travel, business trips, tourist trips. Download the map to your smartphone or tablet and view any object as magnified as possible.

Districts on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Everything on the territory of the district is unique - nature, culture of indigenous peoples and even territorial division. This is the only region in the country in which only 1 region is territorially allocated - Zapolyarny. There are 19 villages on its territory. All other villages of the region are not included in the district, but belong to the urban district. The detailed map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows even small settlements.

The following rivers flow in the region:

  • Longvozh;
  • Pechora;
  • Voyvozh;
  • Sher-Vozh.

The main administrative unit here is the village of Seekers. The village has television, radio broadcasting, partial coverage of cellular communications, and bus routes connecting the village with the city of Naryan-Mar. In the settlements that are displayed on the map of the region of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the number of residents is very small. A little more than 1,500 people inhabit only the village of Krasnoye, in other villages it is even smaller.

Transport links in the district are poorly developed. Only 28% of all roads are paved. Motor transport connection with other regions is interrupted by weather conditions, and sometimes it is absent for a long time. Look at the location of the main roads in detail on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and you will be convinced of the scarcity of transport links.

The main burden in the movement of residents and guests of the region falls on air transport. Some villages can be reached by helicopter, and from the airport you can fly by plane to cities such as:

  • Arkhangelsk;
  • St. Petersburg;
  • Pechora;
  • Moscow.

Along the rivers of the region, the settlements, which are indicated on the map with the villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, can also be reached by river transport, but navigation lasts for a very short period - from mid-June to October.

Map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and villages

When you try to find the city on the map, you will be surprised. There is only one locality with this status. Naryan-Mar is the "heart" of the district in the literal sense. This is a trading port that provides life for the Polar region. As the map with cities and villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows, you can come here by car only along the Laya-Voyage road, which stretches from the east and is a “winter road”.

The city has its own, a few attractions:

  • administration and post office buildings;
  • monument to the sailors of the steamship "Komsomolets";
  • monument to reindeer herders;
  • house of culture.

The population of the city slightly exceeds 20 thousand people. The main nationalities are Nenets and Russians. Over the past 10 years, modern, comfortable houses have appeared in the city, which can be found on a map with the settlements of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also, using the online service, you can find the main streets, access roads to the port and airport.

Economy and industry of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The region's economy is based on oil and gas production and traditional industries. The region has the largest oil and gas condensate fields:

  • Khasyrey;
  • Tedinskoye;
  • Toravey;
  • Kharyaginskoe.

In total, 96 fields are already being produced in the region and more than 20 are being developed.

On Yandex maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, you can see large, undeveloped territories that are occupied by pastures. More than 2,000 people are involved in reindeer herding, mostly representatives of the indigenous peoples of the region. There are also more than 10 fishing cooperatives with their own trawl fleet. There are several processing plants within Naryan-Mar.

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