What country is Qatar? Where is Qatar located? What continent is Qatar on? Qatar what a country.
Like most Asian countries located in the Middle East, Qatar has rich natural resources and is quite a successful and authoritative state in the world. In almost all directions, its shores are washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. Only in the south the country borders on another oil giant -.
Peculiarities
Qatar is somewhat different from other Arab countries in the region. This country has its own specific style of life, on the one hand, so similar to all other Arab countries, and on the other hand, it has nothing to do with them. Qatar, according to the perception of the surrounding world, is closest to the countries of Southeast Asia, but Islamic laws do not allow the inhabitants of this Arab state to be so liberated that they begin to imitate such a contradictory religion to Islam. First of all, this difference with other Arab countries is felt in the degree of greater openness to the countries of the rest of the world and not as strict laws as in,. The tourist infrastructure is also developed in Qatar at a fairly high level. Special entertainment centers for children and adults have been built here, the beaches are equipped with everything necessary, and all hotels have a high level of service. Qatar, in recent years, has gained particular popularity and has taken its place on the tourist map of the world, as evidenced by the sharp increase in sales of tours to the Qatari coast.
general information
The Arab state of Qatar is located in Western Asia on the Qatari Peninsula, covers an area of 11 thousand square meters. km. The population is 1.7 million people. The official language is Arabic. Currency - Qatari rial (QAR). 100 QAR = $QAR:USD:100:2. Time zone UTC + 3, local time coincides with Moscow. Mains voltage 240 V at a frequency of 50 Hz, D, G. Telephone country code +974. Internet domain.qa.
A brief excursion into history
Since the 7th century, Qatar has been part of the Arab Caliphate, and in the 13th-14th centuries it was under the rule of the emirs of Bahrain. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Portuguese captured Karat, and the country was under their rule until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Between 1916 and 1971, Qatar was a British protectorate and then declared its independence. In 2012, there was an attempted military coup, which was defeated.
Climate
Qatar has a tropical maritime climate. From April to October it is very sunny and hot here. The air temperature, as a rule, exceeds +37 degrees, often reaching +50 degrees. On the coast of the Persian Gulf, due to the fact that a cool breeze blows from the sea, it is not as stuffy as in the city limits or in desert regions, but the water in the bay is very warm. In the period from November to March, the air temperature is from +20 to +30 degrees. Gusty winds blow almost constantly. This time of the year is considered the most convenient for traveling to Qatar, although prices are much lower in summer. However, the likelihood of sunstroke is also quite high.
Visa and customs regulations
To enter Qatar, citizens of Russia and Ukraine must have a visa, you can apply for it at the Qatari Embassy in Moscow or upon arrival in Doha, but this requires permission from the Qatar Ministry of Internal Affairs. Customs rules comply with generally accepted norms, the import of products that are contrary to the traditions of the country is prohibited.
How to get there
Regular air service in the direction is provided by the national air carrier Qatar Airways, the flight lasts 5 hours. You can also fly to Doha with connecting flights, for example, Turkish Airlines via.
Transport
Urban public transport in Qatar is represented by buses and minibuses, which are used mainly by working immigrants. You can use the services of an inexpensive taxi to move around the city.
Cities and resorts
Considered one of the most beautiful cities in the Arab world. Elite tennis tournaments with very impressive budgets are regularly held here.
Umm Salal Ali is located just 25 kilometers from Doha and is the remains of an ancient city where mysterious burial mounds, stone embankments and the tower of the old fort have been preserved, which is a strange addition to this mysterious place.
On the northwestern coast of Qatar, there is an ancient fortification Al Zubara, built over a thousand years ago, and still retaining its main fragments. Inside the battlements of the city are bastions and dilapidated houses, which were once inhabited by the local population.
The resort town is located 65 kilometers north of Doha. Al Kor, where low mosques stand under the shade of dense palm trees, and at some distance the reflections of the sky-blue waves of the Persian Gulf play.
A wonderful place for recreation and entertainment in Qatar is a wonderful park " Kingdom of Aladdin". There are modern attractions for children, an artificial sea lagoon, as well as many cafes, souvenir shops and other attributes of an entertainment center. In addition, there is a picturesque zoo nearby, where birds of rare beauty, exotic animals and dangerous reptiles live. Nothing like this can be found in any country in Southwest Asia. Only the United Arab Emirates can compete with Qatar in terms of the development of the entertainment industry in the Middle East.
Accommodation
There is a wide choice of hotels in Qatar, depending on preferences, there are very expensive luxury hotels. Middle-class hotels cost about $100 per day, very cheap hotels are hard to find, prices for accommodation in Doha are rising every year.
Qatar is a country whose existence some inhabitants of the planet do not even know. But it was she who in 2015 was recognized by the International Monetary Fund as the richest state in the world. After this news, many wondered: where, in fact, is the country of Qatar? You will find a photo and description of this amazing state in our article. In addition, we will talk about the tourist attractions of Qatar.
Qatar is the country of the richest people
Today, this state is really on everyone's lips. After all, it was recognized by the International Monetary Fund as the richest in the world! The GDP per capita here is over $90,000. The inhabitants of this country themselves do not know what unemployment and poverty are. And the name of this state is Qatar.
What country in the world can still boast such economic indicators? For comparison: even in a very prosperous UK, GDP per capita barely reaches 45 thousand dollars. But in Qatar, according to experts, this figure will reach 112,000 next year.
What is the secret of such wealth and prosperity? The answer is simple - in oil. Its reserves here are so great that the inhabitants of the two millionth Qatar can literally afford to swim in it. In addition, natural gas is also actively produced in the country. Of course, all these natural resources will eventually run out. Therefore, what this state will be like in 100-200 years is unknown. But today Qatar is a wealthy country whose prosperity is envied by many.
It is very difficult to find this amazing state on the map. Although Herodotus wrote about him in his writings. The next section will focus on the geography of Qatar.
Brief Geography of Qatar
Where is the country of Qatar? The state is located in the Middle East, on the coast of the Persian Gulf. If you look closely at the map below, then a tiny dot in the center of the black circle is the state of Qatar.
Previously, this country was only one of the British colonies. However, in 1971 it gained sovereignty. The area of modern Qatar is only 11.5 thousand square kilometers. No more than two million people live here, and there are almost three times more men than women.
Qatar is a country with rather difficult climatic conditions. Summer here is very dry and hot, the temperature sometimes rises to +45…50 degrees Celsius. Almost the entire territory of Qatar is a desert with very poor flora and fauna. There are no natural streams with a constant flow, drinking water is obtained here by desalination of sea water.
Qatar is an absolute monarchy, the emir is acting. Any political parties are prohibited here or the basis of the country's economy is oil production and oil refining, metallurgical and chemical industries. Agriculture is very poorly developed and does not meet domestic needs. In the oases, some vegetables are grown, goats and camels are bred.
The armed forces of Qatar are about 12,000 people. At the same time, the country closely cooperates in the military sphere with the United States. One of the four foreign centers of the United States Army is stationed here.
in Qatar
Looking through the photos of the cities of Qatar, it is hard to believe that this is how they really look. The “Pearl of the Future” is often referred to as this Arab state. The modern standard of living in Qatar can be outlined by a few of the most important features. This is first of all:
- high level of welfare of citizens;
- almost zero unemployment;
- free education and medicine;
- very low crime.
The salaries of the local population here are really very high. True, life in Qatar is not cheap. So, for renting small apartments here you will have to pay about 3000-4000 dollars a month. Utilities are relatively cheap - 200-300 dollars a month. Lunch at an inexpensive cafe or restaurant costs about 30-50 dollars.
Today, Qatar is actively preparing for the upcoming FIFA World Cup, the right to host which it received in 2022. 12 football stadiums are being built in Doha, and the city's transport system is being modernized.
The main tourist attractions of the country
The most popular attraction for tourists is the National Museum of Qatar, which amazes all its visitors with a huge two-level aquarium. Many guests of the country book a jeep safari, which includes a visit to a real Bedouin camp. Travelers with children are sure to go to Palm Island or to the local Kingdom of Aladdin.
Twenty kilometers from the capital of Qatar is the beautiful Umm Salal Mohammed Fort - snow-white with two towers and an ancient mosque.
Another important attraction of Qatar is its national cuisine. In this one you will not be served pork, but in any restaurant you can taste delicious and varied dishes from all other types of meat. A distinctive feature of Qatari cuisine is the abundance of herbs and aromatic spices.
Doha is the capital of Qatar
Almost 90% of the total population of the country lives in the capital of Qatar. This is a traditional Arab city, but significantly modernized. Here a tourist can see old houses built in the Arabic style, taste delicious meat dishes or visit a colorful event - camel races.
Special attention should be paid to the museums of the capital, among which the Ethnographic Museum occupies a special place. It is located in a traditional Qatari building and tells about the life and life of local residents before the "oil boom".
In Doha, tourists should definitely visit local markets. On them you can buy spices, dishes and souvenirs, and even exotic animals!
Finally…
Qatar is a country in the Middle East, whose inhabitants do not know what poverty and unemployment are. The main wealth of a small state is oil and gas. The extraction of these natural resources accounts for about 80% of Qatar's total income.
The rich history, originality, softness of Islamic traditions and a very developed infrastructure attract a huge number of tourists from other countries to Qatar.
Qatar, or Qatar(arab. قطر [ˈqɑtˁɑr] , local [ɡitˁar] ), officially - State of Qatar(arab. دولة قطر Dawlat Qatar), is a state (emirate) in the Middle East, located on the Qatari Peninsula in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. On maps, Qatar is also depicted as bordering the United Arab Emirates). In the northwest it has a sea border with the islands, in the southeast - a sea border with the United Arab Emirates. The capital is the city.
According to the IMF, Qatar has been leading by a large margin in terms of GDP per capita for the past few years. Qatar is the third in terms of natural gas reserves, the sixth exporter of natural gas and a major exporter of oil and petroleum products (21st in the world). Since 1961, he was a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, but on January 1, 2019 he left it.
Etymology
According to E. M. Pospelov, the state and the Qatar Peninsula were named after the village Kadaru that existed in antiquity on this peninsula.
Geography
Deserted coast Desert landscape in Qatar
Arabian oryx, national animal of Qatar Ostriches in Qatar
Almost the entire territory of the country, located on the peninsula, is a desert. In the north - a low sandy plain with rare oases, covered with moving (eolian) sands; in the middle part of the peninsula - a rocky desert with patches of salt marshes; in the south - high sandy hills.
The climate is continental tropical, dry. In summer, the temperature often rises to 50 °C.
The peninsula is poor in water. There are no permanent rivers. Most of the water has to be obtained by sea desalination. Underground sources of fresh water and oases are located mainly in the north. The animal world is poor, reptiles and rodents predominate.
See also: Rivers of Qatar
Story
Main article: History of Qatar
Since the 7th century in the Arab Caliphate. In the XIII-XIV centuries, under the rule of emirs; at the beginning of the XVI century - the Portuguese, then the Ottoman Empire. In 1916-1971 under the British protectorate. Qatar is one of the most "open" Arab communities. The Al Jazeera TV channel based here has earned worldwide fame.
It has diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation (established with the USSR on August 1, 1988).
On April 16, 2012, there were clashes between the army and the emir's guards, an attempted military coup was made, which failed. This was reported by the Iranian English-language TV channel "Press-TV", as well as a number of Arab media.
State structure
Former Emir of Qatar Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
Since June 27, 1995, the head of state has been Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, who, as heir to the throne, overthrew his father Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani in a bloodless coup.
- June 24, 2013. The Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, announced his decision to abdicate in favor of his son, Crown Prince Sheikh Tamim.
- June 25, 2013. Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani delivered a special address to the people of his country. The Emir announced his abdication and transfer of power to his thirty-three-year-old son, Crown Prince Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. The change of ruler is an event of national scale. In this honor, June 25 was declared a public holiday in Qatar.
The Emir appoints the Prime Minister, the members of the Council of Ministers and the Advisory Council. The power of the emir is limited only by the Sharia.
There is an Advisory Council (Arabic مجلس الشورى , Majlis Ash-Shura), consisting of 35 members, who are all appointed by the Emir. In the future, it is planned to expand the Advisory Council to 45 members, of which 30 will be elected.
In Qatar, the creation of political parties, trade unions, and demonstrations are prohibited.
Administrative division
Main article: Administrative divisions of Qatar
Administrative map of Qatar after 2004.
Qatar after 2004 it was divided into 7 municipalities (arab. بلديات - baladiyat).
| № | Municipality | Administrative center | Square, km² |
Population, people (2010) |
Density, person/km² |
ISO code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ed-Doha | 234 | 796 947 | 3405,76 | QA-DA | |
| 2 | Ed-Dian | Ed-Dian | 236 | 43 176 | 182,95 | QA-ZA |
| 3 | El-Khaur | El-Khaur | 1 551 | 193 983 | 125,07 | QA-KH |
| 4 | El Wakra | El Wakra | 2 520 | 141 222 | 56,04 | QA-WA |
| 5 | rayan | rayan | 5 818 | 455 623 | 78,31 | QA-RA |
| 6 | Ash Shamal | Er Ruwais | 902 | 7 975 | 8,84 | QA-MS |
| 7 | Umm Salal | 310 | 60 509 | 195,19 | QA-US | |
| Total | 11 571 | 1 699 435 | 146,87 |
Population
Main article: Qataris
See also: Human rights in Qatar
| For January 31 | 2009 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| men | 1 219 191 | 1 282 978 | 1 693 455 | 1 853 001 | 1 971 536 | 1 989 237 | 2 055 002 |
| women | 341 786 | 398 121 | 531 128 | 570 174 | 604 645 | 654 491 | 711 457 |
| Total | 1 560 977 | 1 681 099 | 2 224 583 | 2 423 175 | 2 576 181 | 2 643 728 | 2 766 459 |
Museum of Islamic Art in Doha
Mosque in Qatar
40% of the population are Arabs. People from (18%), (18%), (10%), and from other countries (14%) also live in Qatar. The official language is Arabic, and English is widely spoken. The state religion is Sunni Islam, Iranians are Shiites. According to the 2004 census: Muslims 77.5%, Christians 8.5%, others 14%. About 90% of the population is concentrated in the capital and its suburbs.
According to the United Nations Population Fund, the total population of Qatar in 2011 was 1.9 million people, including 1.4 million men and 0.5 million women; the proportion of the urban population is 96%, the population growth rate in 2010-2015 will be 2.9%, life expectancy will be 79 years for men and 78 years for women.
In 2017, the population was about 2.64 million people, of which 99.38% are city dwellers (about 2.62 million people).
Doha skyline
Economy
Main article: Economy of Qatar
Oil and gas production provides more than 50% of GDP, 85% of the value of exports and 70% of the state budget revenue. Oil and gas made Qatar the first country in the world in terms of GDP per capita. Now the economic policy of Qatar is focused on the desire to increase private and foreign investment in the non-energy sector.
The structure of GDP is dominated by industry (75%), the service sector provides 25% of GDP, agriculture 0.1%.
Freeways in Qatar
The oil refining, petrochemical, chemical, and metallurgical industries are developed (a large steel-smelting complex in Umm Said works on imported raw materials). In the northern part of Qatar, there is a giant oil and gas condensate field North, or North.
Agriculture is poorly developed and satisfies only 10% of the country's food needs. Agriculture is concentrated in oases (date palm, vegetable growing and horticulture). Livestock is occupied by nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes who breed camels, sheep and goats.
Export in 2008 - 55 billion dollars: liquefied gas, oil products, fertilizers, steel.
The main buyers are Japan 40.8%, South Korea 16.3%, Singapore 11.8%, Thailand 4.6%, India 4.4%.
Imports in 2008 - 21.2 billion dollars: machinery and equipment, vehicles, food, chemical products.
The main suppliers are the USA 12.3%, Germany 9.2%, Italy 9.1%, Japan 8.1%, France 6.3%.
The banking system of Qatar includes 16 commercial banks (including branches (branches) of foreign banks).
In addition to oil, Qatar has huge reserves of natural gas. In 1997, the development of one of the world's largest natural gas fields located in the sea, Severnoye (partially owned), which contains about 15% of the world's proven natural gas reserves, began.
taxes
In 2009, Qatari Finance Minister Hussein Kamal introduced a flat corporate tax rate of 10% from 2010, replacing the previously existing progressive rate of 10-35%.
A reduction in the corporate tax rate is one of the main conditions for diversifying the economy of Qatar, aimed at moving away from the gas and oil-based economy and moving towards attracting foreign investment in other areas.
Armed forces
Main article: Armed Forces of Qatar
Number - 12,330 people (11,800 according to JCSS)
Ground forces
The total number is 8500 people. One regiment of the Emir Guard (3 infantry battalions), 1 armored regiment (1 tank and 1 mechanized battalions, 1 artillery division), 6 separate battalions (1 tank, 1 special purpose (abbreviated) and 4 motorized infantry), 1 field artillery regiment , 2 separate artillery battalions (mortar and anti-tank), 1 anti-aircraft battery.
Armored vehicles:
- 44 AMX-30S
- 62 Leopard 2
- BRM, BMP and BTR - 400 units (including 160 VAB)
- 6 BREM
Artillery:
- 28 155 mm Mk F-3
- 24 PzH 2000
- 12 155mm G-5
- 4 180-mm MLRS "Astros" (SS-40/SS-30)
- 84-mm light recoilless guns "Karl Gustav"
- 40 mm M203 anti-personnel grenade launchers
- Mortars - 45-49 (15 - 120 mm; 4 self-propelled VRMs)
- 100-150 ATGM "Hot" and "Milan" (including 24 self-propelled, based on VAB)
Air Force
Number - 2100 people. Consists of: 1st Fighter Wing (7th Fighter-Bomber Squadron (Mirage-2000-5) and 11th Assault Squadron (Alfa Jet and Hawk); 2nd Helicopter Wing (6th ("Gazelle"), 8th (anti-ship, "Commando") and 9th ("Commando") squadrons); transport squadron; air defense forces.
- Combat aircraft: 9 Mirage 2000-5EDA and 3 Mirage-2000-5DDA
- Combat training aircraft: 6 Alpha Jet, 15 Hawk Mk100
- Transport aircraft: 7 units
- Helicopters: about 30 (including 10-12 SA-342L "Gazelle" with "Hot" ATGM)
- anti-aircraft missile division (9 Roland air defense systems)
- Air defense (24 Mistral MANPADS, 12 Stinger MANPADS, 6-10 Blowpipe MANPADS, 20 Strela-2 MANPADS)
Naval Forces
Number - 1730 people (1800 according to JCSS and Jane's)
Ship composition:
- Missile boats: 7 units
- Patrol boats: St. 50 units
- Coastal defense: 4 batteries (12x4 launchers) anti-ship missiles MM-40 Exocet
Other armed formations: armed police - 8000 (have armored personnel carriers, helicopters, boats; equipment is listed above)
Cooperation with the USA
Since 1992, Qatar has been closely cooperating with the military. Al Udeid military base located near Abu Naklah airport is stationed 609th Air and Space Operations Control Center Central Command of the US Armed Forces (one of four such foreign centers of the US Army).
Foreign policy
Main article: Foreign policy of Qatar
Ties to Islamist terrorist organizations
Qatari flag flown in Benghazi during the Libyan Revolution
In recent years, Qatar has been repeatedly accused by various experts, media and politicians from different countries of sponsoring and supporting Islamist terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda, the Muslim Brotherhood, the Taliban, Hamas, the Islamic State and Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.
Main article: Qatari diplomatic crisis
On June 5, 2017, one after another, a number of neighboring countries, as well as, announced a severance of relations with Qatar due to its ties with terrorist organizations (in particular, the al-Nusra Front), interference in the internal affairs of the states of the region and the spread ideologies of Al-Qaeda, the Muslim Brotherhood and the Islamic State. decided to reduce the level of its diplomatic representation in Qatar. Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and the UAE demanded that Qatari citizens leave the territories of their states within 14 days, and in turn demanded that their citizens leave Qatar within the same time frame (previously, these same countries briefly expelled Qatari diplomats in 2014). In addition, neighboring countries imposed a complete blockade of Qatar.
It also canceled Qatar's participation in the operation against the Houthis in the Civil War in Yemen.
mass media
Al Jazeera TV studio in Doha
State TV and Radio Company QGBTC ( Qatar General Broadcasting and Television Corporation), includes the Qatar TV channel and the Qatar Radio radio channel. Also, Al Jazeera, the largest multimedia holding in the entire pan-Arab space, whose headquarters is located in Doha, was created in 1996 by decree of the Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.
Since 2013, it has been delimiting the broadcasting of media from Qatar.
Sport
Football match in Doha
- Qatar has won the right to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In view of the extreme heat in the summer, consideration will be given to equipping all stadiums with air conditioning, or to hold the championship in autumn or winter. In January 2013, a scandal erupted about the possible bribery of FIFA members in the election of the host country of the 2022 World Cup.
- Since 1984, Qatar has consistently participated in the Summer Olympics. During all this time, athletes from Qatar won four bronze medals and one silver. Qatar has not yet participated in the Winter Olympics.
- Qatar hosted the Asian Football Cup in 1988 and 2011.
- Nasser Al-Attiyah is a "multi-discipline" athlete, as he competes for his country in two sports at once - auto racing and clay shooting, and successfully: in 2011, Al-Attiyah won the Dakar Rally in the off-road class, and the following year won bronze medal at the London Olympics.
- Doha hosts the ATP and WTA tennis tournaments every year.
- The stages of the Diamond League are held annually in Qatar.
- In 2014, the Qatar 3×3 basketball team won the title of world champion at the World Championship held in Moscow.
- In 2015, Qatar hosted the Men's Handball World Championship, where the national team came in a sensational second place - the entire squad consisted of newly naturalized athletes.
- Doha hosted the World Amateur Boxing Championship in October 2015.
- Also in 2015, Qatar hosted the World Robot Olympiad.
Notes
- Atlas of the world: The most detailed information / Project leaders: A. N. Bushnev, A. P. Pritvorov. - Moscow: AST, 2017. - S. 49. - 96 p. - ISBN 978-5-17-10261-4.
- Population structure (indefinite) (unavailable link). Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics (31 January 2017). Retrieved April 9, 2018. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018.
- According to Qatar census (2010) (indefinite) . Archived from the original on July 9, 2010.
- World Economic Outlook Database, October 2017 – Report for Selected Countries and Subjects (indefinite) . International Monetary Fund (IMF). Retrieved 1 October 2017.
- Human Development Indices and Indicators(English) . United Nations Development Program (2018). - Human Development Report on the website of the United Nations Development Program. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- http://chartsbin.com/view/edr
- Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of geographical names / A. V. Superanskaya. - M. : AST-Press Book, 2013. - 208 p. - (Small desktop dictionaries of the Russian language). - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-462-01409-3.
- Ageenko F. L., Zarva M. V. . Stress Dictionary for Radio and Television Workers: Ok. 75,000 vocabulary units / Edited by D. E. Rosenthal. - Edition 6, stereotypical. - Moscow: Russian language, 1985. - S. 607. - 808 p.
- There are different ways to pronounce the name of the state. Some of them are close to the pronunciation of the locals, others are slightly different (but easier for the pronunciation of foreigners). Here is some of them:
, [ˈkʌ.tʌɹ] , [ˈkɑ.tɚ] , [ˈkʌt.ɚ] ,
In the latter version, the stress falls on the last syllable, but it cannot be said that this is illiterate, since in Arabic not a single vowel sound of the word "Qatar" is reduced, and it is rather difficult to clearly determine the stress.
Here you can listen to how the word "Qatar" is pronounced by Arabic language specialist Terry DeYoung. - After 57 years of membership in OPEC, Qatar left the organization (Russian). Izvestia (January 2, 2019). Retrieved April 5, 2019.
- Pospelov, 2002, p. 194.
- There was an attempted coup in Qatar // InoSMI
- The Emir of Qatar abdicated in favor of his son (indefinite) . Retrieved June 24, 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013.
- Qatar announces transfer of power to new emir (indefinite) . Retrieved June 25, 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013.
- Democracy? That's for other Arabs
- Qatar (indefinite) (unavailable link). Qatar Ministry of Municipality and Urban Planning. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011.
- Qatar Planning and Statistics Authority (indefinite) .
- World population in 2011
- SESRIC - Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Center for Islamic Countries
- The richest states according to Forbes magazine (indefinite) . Archived from the original on December 4, 2012., 24.02.2012
- Zakharov A.S. Qatar is preparing to introduce a 10% corporate tax (indefinite) (unavailable link - story) . , 09.11.2009
- http://www.ag-friedensforschung.de/themen/export/anfrage-gruene.pdf
- Udade military base, for the US military, is a kind of hub - the largest and most important of the 35 military bases that the United States has in the Middle East. // NG, Aug 2017
- Morad Musin - Russian expert (indefinite) (unavailable link). Date of access 17 October 2014. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014.
- Who finances Islamist terrorist organizations and why? (indefinite) .
- Naftali Bennet: Qatar should stop funding Hamas (indefinite) .
- Gerd Muller believes that the militants of the Islamic State group, which is currently terrorizing the population of Iraq, are funded by Qatar (indefinite) (unavailable link). Archived from the original on October 21, 2014.
- The Saudis and their allies from other Gulf countries withdrew their ambassadors from Doha, accusing Qatar of supporting terrorists. (indefinite) .
- interfax: Jordan reduces the level of its diplomatic representation in Qatar
- kommersant.ru Arabs turned to boycott Qatar
- The Arab world has turned its back on Qatar: each country has its own reasons - RIA Novosti, 06/05/2017
- Ripples in the Gulf: what will the isolation of Qatar in the Arabian Peninsula lead to - Teller Report Teller Report
- Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the UAE are cutting off diplomatic relations with Qatar. (Russian). TASS(June 5, 2017). Retrieved June 5, 2017. Archived from the original on June 5, 2017.
- kommersant.ru Qatar is trying to calm its neighbors
- Doha radio stations
- World Cup 2022 could be held in winter
- Blatter warned Qatar that the national team will not be created only from naturalized players (indefinite) (5.02.2015).
Literature
- Gusterin P.V. Cities of the Arab East. - M.: East-West, 2007. - 352 p. - (Encyclopedic reference book). - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-478-00729-4.
- Pospelov E. M. Geographical names of the world. Toponymic Dictionary / rev. ed. R. A. Ageeva. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Russian dictionaries, Astrel, AST, 2002. - 512 p. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-001389-2.
Links
- Qatar at the Open Directory Project Links Directory (dmoz)
- qatar.ru - Site about Qatar
- North gas field (Qatar)
- Municipalities of Qatar // Statoids.com
State of Qatar دولة قطر ... Wikipedia
State of Qatar, in the South West. Asia, on the peninsula of Qatar, is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. According to the Arab, historians, the state military and peninsula of Qatar were named after the village of Kadaru, which existed in ancient times on this peninsula. Geographical names of the world ... Geographic Encyclopedia
Qatar, the State of Qatar, a state in Western Asia, on the Qatar Peninsula (eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula), washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. In the south it borders on Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Until September 1st… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Qatar (state)- QATAR (State of Qatar), in Southwest Asia, on the Qatar Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf. The area is 11 thousand km2. The population is 521 thousand people, mostly Qataris (Arabs of Qatar). The official language is Arabic. The state religion is Islam. Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
The State of Qatar, a state in Southwest Asia, on the Qatar Peninsula. 11 thousand km². population approx. 521 thousand people (1993). The urban population of St. 90% (1990), mostly Arabs. The official language is Arabic. The state religion is Islam. Capital… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
QATAR- THE STATE OF QATAR The state on the peninsula of Qatar, which protrudes into the Persian Gulf from the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. In the south it borders on Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, but the borders are not demarcated. Area ... ... Cities and countries
The state of Qatar is located in southwestern Asia. It is located on the peninsular part of the Arabian Peninsula, stretching from it to the north and deeply protruding into the Persian Gulf. The area of the country is 11.4 thousand square meters. km. Qatar has a land border with ... ... Collier Encyclopedia
QATAR- (State of Qatar) a state in Asia, in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Until 1971, a British protectorate. In 1968, Qatar, Bahrain and 7 principalities of Oman created a federation of Arab principalities, but on September 3, 1971, the principality of Qatar ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law
QATAR- QATAR, State of Qatar, in the South West. Asia, on the Qatar Peninsula, on the Eastern Arabian Peninsula. Pl. 11 tons km2. Us. 270 t. h. (1982). Capital Doha (c. 200 vol., 1982). Until independence was declared in 1971, British protectorate was the basis of the economy ... ... Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary
Qatar- The State of Qatar, in the South West. Asia, on the peninsula of Qatar, is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. According to the Arab, historians, the state military and peninsula of Qatar were named after the village of Kadaru, which existed in ancient times on this peninsula ... Toponymic Dictionary
More recently, Qatar was a forgotten country in the Persian Gulf. However, as it turned out, there are very large deposits of oil and gas in Katera, and therefore the country has been actively developing in recent decades, including in terms of tourism. Tourists in Qatar are waiting for a desert safari, Bedouin villages, rich markets, ancient mosques with minarets, camel races, and, of course, excellent long sandy beaches on the Persian Gulf.
Geography of Qatar
Qatar is located on the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. In the south, Qatar borders on Saudi Arabia (this is its only land border). A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the neighboring island nation of Bahrain. The total area of Qatar is 11,586 square meters. km., and the total length of the state land border is only 60 km.
Most of Qatar is desert. In the south of Qatar there are high hills, and in the north - a sandy plain with oases. The highest point in the country is Qurayn Abu al Bawl (103 meters).
Capital
The capital of Qatar is Doha, which is now home to more than 600 thousand people. Doha was built in 1825 (then called Al Bida).
Official language
The official language of the population of Qatar is Arabic, belonging to the Semitic group of the Afroasian language family.
Religion
More than 77% of the population of Qatar are Muslims (72% are Sunnis, 5% are Shiites). Another 8.5% are Christians.
State structure
According to the current Constitution of 2003, Qatar is an absolute monarchy headed by the Emir of the al-Thani dynasty. By the way, the al-Thani dynasty has ruled Qatar since 1825, i.e. since the formation of this state.
The power of the Emir in Qatar is absolute, and he is guided by the principles of Sharia when governing the country. It is the Emir who appoints the Prime Minister, ministers and members of the Consultative Council (35 people), which has legislative power. All laws in Qatar are approved by the Emir.
Climate and weather
Winters in Qatar are mild and summers are very hot. In January, the air temperature drops to +7C, and in August it rises to +45C. The average annual rainfall is 80 mm. The best time to visit Qatar is from October to May.
Sea in Qatar
Qatar is bordered by the Persian Gulf on all sides except the south. The total coastline is 563 km. The coast in Qatar is sandy with numerous small islands, sandbars and reefs.
Story
People on the territory of modern Qatar lived, according to archaeologists, even 7.5 thousand years ago. Around 178 BC. the inhabitants of Qatar traded with the ancient Greeks and Romans (they were intermediaries in the trade of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome with India).
In the 7th century AD. Islam began to spread on the territory of modern Qatar, and the country became part of the Arab Caliphate.
At the beginning of the 16th century, Portugal had a great influence in the Persian Gulf, including Qatar. Portuguese merchants buy gold, silver, silk, pearls and horses in the Persian Gulf countries.
In 1783, Qatar fell under the rule of Bahrain, and this continued until 1868. In 1871, Qatar became part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1916, Qatar left the Ottoman Empire, but fell under the protectorate of Great Britain.
Only in 1971 did Qatar gain independence from Great Britain.
Culture of Qatar
Culture and traditions in Qatar were formed under the influence of Islam, and daily life in this country complies with Sharia standards. There are two main religious holidays in Qatar - Eid al-Fitr, which lasts three days in honor of the end of Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha (we know it as Eid al-Adha). Eid al-Adha is celebrated 70 days after Eid al-Fitra.
Kitchen
The traditional cuisine of Qatar has been heavily influenced by immigrants from Iran and India, and more recently from North Africa.
Many traditional Qatari dishes are based on seafood (especially lobster, crab, shrimp, tuna, and snapper). All meat in Kater is “halal”, i.e. complies with Islamic law.
One of the most popular traditional dishes in Qatar is machbous, which is a stew with rice or seafood. Also in Qatar, tourists are recommended to try Hummus (chickpea puree with sesame seeds), Waraq enab (grape leaves stuffed with rice), Taboulleh (chopped wheat seasoned with parsley and mint), Koussa mahshi (stuffed zucchini), "Biriani" (rice with chicken or lamb), "Ghuzi" (lamb with rice and nuts).
As for desserts in Qatar, pistachio pudding, bread pudding with nuts and raisins, and cheesecake with cream should be highlighted.
Traditional soft drinks in Qatar are coffee, fruit waters and herbal teas. Coffee inhabitants of this country prefer Arabic flavored with cardamom or slightly sweetened, or thickly brewed Turkish coffee. Sometimes sweet coffee "qahwa helw" (with saffron, cardamom and sugar) is served.
Fruit waters and herbal decoctions are sold right on the streets in all cities of Qatar.
You can drink alcohol only in restaurants and hotels that have a special license.
Sights of Qatar
Despite the fact that Qatar has a very ancient history, there are not very many sights in this country. This is due to the geographical position of Qatar, which has many deserts. However, the Top 10 best attractions in Qatar, in our opinion, may include the following:
- Umm Salal Mohammed Fort
- Mounds of Umm Salal Ali
- Doha Weapons Museum
- Fort at Al Zubar
- Ancient fortifications in Al-Zubar
- Fort Al-Waibah
- Palace of Abdullah bin Mohammed
- Government Mosque in Doha
- Al Raqiyat Fort
- Al Rayyan Mosque
Cities and resorts
The largest cities in Qatar are Doha, Ar Rayyan, Al Wakra, Al Khor and Umm Salal.
As we have already said, Qatar is washed by the Persian Gulf from all sides, except for the south. The total coastline is 563 km. The coast in Qatar is sandy with numerous small islands, sandbars and reefs. You can swim in the sea wherever you want, the main thing is not to leave garbage behind.
The best beaches (i.e. resorts) in Qatar, in our opinion, are as follows:
Al Ghariya Beach (80 km north of Doha)
- Dukhan (80 km west of Doha)
- Fuwairit Beach (80 km north of Doha)
- Khor Al Adaid (80 km south of Doha)
- Maroona (80 km north of Doha) - also known as French Beach
- Ras Abrouq (Bir Zekreet) (70 km west of Doha)
Souvenirs/Shopping
Tourists from Qatar usually bring handicrafts, Korans, gold jewelry, daggers, Dal-la coffee pot, bronze figurines, wooden boxes, henna, Arabic lamps, hookahs, rugs, scrolls with Arabic script, rosaries.
Office Hours
The working week in Qatar runs from Sunday to Thursday. Days off are Friday and Saturday. The official working day starts at 07:00 and ends at 15:30.